Electric lamp.



No. 637,695. Patented NOV-26, [90L K. UCHS.

ELECTRIC LAMP.

(Application filed Mar. 21, 1899.)

2 Sheets-Shmat l.

. (No Model.)

[444. f": laws No. 687,695. Patented Nov. 26, mm.

K. UCHS.

ELECTRIC LAMP. (Application filed liar. 21, 18993 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

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ATTORNEYS.

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UNITE STATES PATENT FFICE.

KARL OOHS, OF BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO THE ALLGEMEINE ELEKTRIOITATS GESELLSOHAFT, OF BERLIN, GERMANY, A COR- PORATION OF GERMANY.

ELECTRIC LAM P.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 687,695, dated November 26, 1901.

Application filed March 21. 1899. Serial No. 709,893. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, KARL 0011s, doctor of philosophy, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing in Berlin, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

Myinvention relates to electric lamps, more especially to a type of incandescent lamp in which conductors of the second class are employed. These conductors of the second class are, generally speaking, composed of substances which are non-conducting at ordinary temperatures, but which when their temperature has been raised by artificial means become conductors for the electric current and incandesce upon the passage of a sufficient amount of such current. In employing conductors of this class which are capable of incandescing in the open air I have found it desirable to adhere as closely as possible to existing forms of electric-light apparatus for commercial reasons. It is important commercially to retain the structures and forms of lamps already in use and also to produce a lamp in which the glower of the second class may be automatically heated in order to ren der it a good conductor of electricity without materially altering or encumbering the lamp. It is furthermore important that the lamp should be so arranged that the warmth generated by the automatic preheater shall not harm or influence in any material way the durability or utility of the lamp. '1 attain these objects by my invention, which I will proceed to describe in reference to the accompanying drawings, which drawings show a form of lamp embodying my invention, which invention, however, is not necessarily limited to the devices shown.

In the drawings, Figure l is a vertical transverse section of a lamp and socket embodying my invention, showing the lamp slightly separated from the socket for the purposes of clearer illustration. Fig. 2 is a section at or about the line 2 2 of Fig. 1 and shows a plan View of the device for automatically closing the exit for the current of heated air passing through the lamp. Fig. 3 is a sectional View of the globe-holder, showing the abutmentfiugers against which the globe is pressed by the spring-fingers hereinafter described. Fig. 4 is a modification of the globe-holder. Fig. 5 is a diagram of the circuit of the lamp.

In the drawings, A is the lamp-socket, consisting, preferably, of an exterior casing M, perforated at 'r 'r for the passage of air. At or about the top of this socket is a nipple I, supporting an insulating-block F, which supports a solenoid G, the spool d of which is provided with step-shaped ends or cheeks c, which support an insulating-block f. The insulating'block carries a suitable screw contact-ring g and a binding-screw or contact K in electrical connection with one of the cheeks e and with one of the leading-in wires 1), and also a contact-screw or binding-screw Lin electrical connection with the other leading-in wire q, insulated from the cheek e, through which it passes, by an insulatingbushing Z and supporting a contact-piece h. The core on of the solenoid slides freely within the spool d and is slotted for the passage of a supporting-bridge 01, carried in the cheeks e, and is provided with a closure or coverl for closing the'air-passage of the lamp and making electrical contact therewith, as will be explained.

The lamp B, which is shown clearly inFig.

1, comprises generally a base E, provided with a contact-ring a, supporting a bulb or globe H, which is apertured at t'. The base E likewise supports a contact-ring b, to which a leading-in wire I) is electrically connected, and likewise supports a contact 0- of a general tubular form to produce the air-passage 7a, to which contact a leading-in wire 0 is electrically connected. The heating-coil D, which has the property of glowing in the open air, is interpolated between the leading-in wires 1) and c. O is an incandescing'conductor or glower of the second class connected at one end to the leading-in wire I) and at the other end to a leading-in wire a in electrical connection with the ring a. The ring a is adapted for cooperation with the ring g, the ring I) is adapted for cooperation with the contact h, and the ring a is adapted for cooperation with the cover Z, which at predetermined times brings current thereto and too also closes the air-passage it through the same when the solenoid-core is in its lowermost position.

The operation of the device so far described is as follows: The lamp is screwed into the socket in the ordinary way, the closure Z resting upon the top of the ring 0. The current may now be turned on, entering by the leading-in wire q and passing through the screw L and contact it through the leading-in wire I), heating-coil D, leading-in wire 0, contact-ring c to the core of the solenoid, thence through the spool upon which the solenoid is wound and cheek e to the screw it, and thence out by the conductorp. The effect of the passage of the current through coil D is to heat the said coil and to thereby heat the conductor 0. It will be remembered that the air-passage 7c is closed at this time, so that the circulation of air in the lamp does not occur, and consequently it is possible to rapidly heat the glower O by means of the heating-coil D. The heating-spiral D begins to incandesce and the glower O,or dinarily a non-conductor, being heated thereby, begins to carry current and to become incandescent itself, the circuit of the said glower being completed through the rings a and g and the wire of the solenoid. As soon as the resistance of the glower O is so far reduced as to enable it to carry the proper amount of current the magnetism of the solenoid will draw up its core m, thereby breaking the connection formerly existing between m and 0, so that no current will pass through the heating-coil D and the burner C will be the only onereceiving current. The rising of the solenoid-core, in addition to breaking the heatingcoil circuit, likewise opens the. passage [13, so that a free passage of air through the lamp may occur. I

The ventilation of the lamp is effected by air passing through the space 10 between the outer globe N and the casing M, thence through the aperture 1', through the lamp, through the passage k, following the course of the arrows, through the socket, and passing out of the socket by the apertures r in the casing M.

The lamp is shown in a pendent position and the contact between Z and c is produced by the weight of the core m. If thelamp, however, is arranged so as to assume an upright position, it will be necessary to add some kind of a contrary force-a spring, for instanceto press the solenoid-core forward in the solenoid to replace gravity. The circulation of air would also have to be correspondingly altered, as will be well understood. The contacts could also be varied without departing from the spirit of my invention and any automatic means might be resorted to to open and close the ventilating-passage through the lamp and to interrupt the heating-current.

Having described the general features of the lamp, I desire to describe a preferred form of device for supporting the exterior globe. Referring to Figs. 1 and 3, it will be observed that lugs or ears 1; are provided upon the casing M to serve as abutments and that stirrups s are provided with springs 25, operated by handles u, so that upon pressing the handles a inward themouth of the globe N may be passed over the ends of the spring, which upon be ing released will press the edge of the globe against the abutments n and securely support it in place.

In Fig. 4: I have shown a modified form of globe-support wherein the stirrups s are provided with swinging arms m, aperturcd for the passage of screws y, the operation of which will be clearly understood from an inspection of the drawings.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s

1. In a lamp, the combination of a glower O which becomes a conductor upon being heated, with a preheater and circuit connections, and means for effecting circulation of air through the lamp when the glower C is incandesced and for sh utting off the circulation when the glower O is being heated.

2. In a lamp, the combination of a glower which becomes a conductor upon being heated, a preheater for the same, circuit connections, an air-circulating system through the lamp, and means for interrupting the air circulation and effecting the passage of a heating-current through the preheater.

In a .lamp structure, the combination of a glower which becomes a conductor upon being heated, a preheater in heating proximity thereto, a common leading-in wire for the glower and preheater and separate leading-in wires for the glower and the preheater and automatic means carried by the lamp structure for depriving the preheater of heating current when the glower has been incandesced.

4:. In a lamp, the combination of a glower which becomes a conductor upon being heated, an air-circulating system, a preheater, and a tubular contact a serving as the conduit for both the air and the electric currents, substantially as described.

5. In a lamp of the character described, the combination of a glower capable of becoming a conductor upon being heated, a preheater, and an enveloping globe for hastening the action of the preheater, combined with an aircirculating system, and means for controlling the said air-circulating system.

6. In a lamp of the character described, the combination with the lamp proper containing a glower capable of becoming a conductor upon being heated, and a preheater, an aircirculating system through the lamp comprised in part by an air-passage in the base, a socket with ventilating-ho1es r therein, and a closure carried in the socket and arranged to automatically close the air-passage 70, substantially as described.

7 In a lamp of the character described, the combination with the lamp proper containing a glower capable of becoming a conductor IIO upon being heated, and a preheater, an aircirculating system through the lamp comprised in part by an air-passage 7c in the base, a socket with ventilating-holes r therein, and a closure carried in the socket and arranged to automatically close the air-passage 7c, and means for actuating said closure to cause the same to operate the air-circulating system, and the circuit for the preheater.

8. A lamp of the character described containing a lighting-circuit and a heating-circuit, and an air-circulating system, and electromagnetic means for con trolling the air-circulating system and the heating circuit.

9. In an electric-lamp structure, the combination of a lamp with a base provided with three contacts, a glower and preheater, a common leading-in wire connected to one of the contacts and connected with the glower and with the preheater and other leading-in wires connecting the glower and preheater with the other cont-acts respectively, substantially as described, a socket with which the lamp is removably engaged and a currentinterrupter carried by the socket for interrupting the preheater-current.

10. In an electric lamp, the combination of a base, a glower, a preheater therefor, circuit connections, electrical contacts carried by the base, a socket into which the base is adapted to be inserted and an interrupter for the preheater-circuit contained within the socket.

11. In an electric-lamp structure, the combination of a lamp with a lighting-circuit, a heating-circuit therefor, asocket to which the bulb or lamp is removably attached and a cutout device carried by the socket for cutting out the heating-circuit when the lighting-circuit is energized. v

12. In an incandescent-lamp structure, the combination'ofa glower and preheater,a lampglobe, a casing containing a current-interrupter and an air-circulating system for causing a current of air to circulate between the lamp-globe and the casing containing the interrupter.

13. In an electric-lamp structure, the combination of a socket adapted to removably engage a lamp, a lamp having a glower and a heater for the said glower, a common leadingin wire or conductor for the heater and glower and an automatic current-changing device carried by the socket for manipulating the glower-circuit, whereby upon passage of current through the glower the current-changing device will be energized to break the heatingcircuit.

14. In an incandescent-lamp structure, the combination of a lamp having a glower and a preheater therefor, a socket for engaging the lamp and automatic means carried by the socket for discontinuing the generation of heat in the preheater.

15. In an electric-lamp structure, the combination of a socket adapted to removably receive a lamp or base, alamp with a lightingcircuit, a heating-circuit therefor and a current-interrupter located in the socket for depriving the heating-circuit of current when the lighting-circuit is energized.

16. In a lamp of the character described, the combination of a socket adapted to receive a lamp or base, a lighting-circuit and a heating-circuit, a conductor common to both circuits and separate conductors for the heating and lighting circuits, combined with antomatic means located in the socket actuated upon the passage of current to the lightingcircuit to deprive the heating-circuit of current.

17. In an electric lamp, the combination of a lamp base E, an illuminating-body O and a heating-body D supported thereby, the said illuminating-body 0 being a conductor of the second class with a socket A adapted to be engaged by the said lamp-base and containing current-supply wires 19 q and also apparatus for interrupting the heating-current,substantially as and for the purposes described.

18. In an electric-lamp structure, the co1nbination of a base, a glower and a heater, three contacts carried by the said base, one of the said cont-acts acting as a common con ductor for the illuminating and heating current, a lamp-socket adapted to be engaged by the base and containing current-supply wires and also apparatus for interrupting the heating-current.

19. In an electric lamp, the combination of a lamp-base E, an illuminating-body G and a heating-body D supported thereby, the said illuminating-body 0 being a conductor of the second class with a socketA adapted to be engaged by the said lamp-base and containing current-supply wires 19 q and also apparatus for interrupting the heating-current and an apertured glass globe H supported by the base for accelerating the action of the heating device.

20. In a lamp structure, the combination of a support A, a glower depending therefrom, a heater for said glower, an inclosing globe for said glower, and means for sustaining said globe upon said support above said glower, the said globe being so constructed as to provide an annular passage for the escape of hot air around said support.

KARL OOHS.

Witnesses:

HENRY HASPER, WOLDEMAR HAUPT.

ICC 

